在一项关于NK细胞对于实体瘤杀伤作用的体外研究中，发现KIR不相合组NK对肾细胞癌和恶性黑色素瘤等细胞株的杀伤率明显高于KIR相合组[2４]。而另一项关于NK细胞杀伤乳腺癌细胞株SKBR3的研究中，情况却正好相反，当供者KIR类型与SKBR3相合时，NK细胞对肿瘤的杀伤率显著高于不相合组[2５]。是否提示，对于不同种类的实体瘤，其杀伤途径有差异，提示在临床应用中应当进行个体化的过继免疫治疗方式。 5 展 望
目前在KIR与配体识别机制及信号传导等方面已获得一定进展。关于抑制性受体的研究已较为深入，尤其在血液系统肿瘤治疗方面，但是，抗肿瘤是个复杂的、多种因素共同起作用的过程，是各种免疫细胞综合作用的结果。NK细胞对于各类实体瘤的杀伤过程中KIR是否都起到关键作用，还需要进一步探讨。淋巴细胞白血病、淋巴瘤对于NK细胞的杀伤就表现出高度的不敏感性，但增强NK细胞活性可以提高对ALL的杀伤率[2６]。针对激活性KIR而设计的增强NK细胞杀伤活性尚在初步研究中。从激活KIR的角度出发,提高NK细胞的杀伤活性,有待在肿瘤生物治疗方面提供一条新的思路。
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