

【关键词】 冠状动脉
摘要:目的:分析86例冠状动脉造影(CAG)的诊断结果,评价DSA―CAG对冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。方法:应用DSA选择性CAG证实病变 ≥50%直径狭窄病例63例,依病变狭窄程度累及冠状动脉部位、数目、形态、冠状动脉优势状况、侧支循环及心肌梗死病例、左室壁运动情况和射血分数(EF)等进行统计分析。结果:50%狭窄或闭塞63例(73%)冠状动脉右优势型41例(66%),左优势型7例(11%)均衡型12例(20%),单支病变22例(36%)双支病变17例(27%),3支病变20例(32%)受累血管104支136处,重度狭窄及闭塞28处(45%),12例(19%)有不同程度侧支循环形成,32例做了左心室造影射血分数(LVEF)及室壁运动缩率分析,EF≥50%的20例(66%),EF40%~50%的7例(22%),<40%2例(7%),经统计学分析,严重冠状动脉狭窄与闭塞合并室壁瘤者与单纯狭窄病变LVEF差异有极显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:冠状动脉循环与分布多数为右优势型,冠状动脉病变多累及前降支(LAD),其次为右冠状动脉(RCA)及左回旋支(LCF),病变程度多为严重狭窄,侧支循环形成良好者对左心室功能有保护作用,高质量的DSA设备是开展冠心病介入的重要基础,DSA-CAG对冠状脉病变的诊断有重要价值。
关键词:DSA;冠状动脉造影术;冠心病;射血分数
The Diagnostic Value of DSA Coronary Angiography on CHD
Abstract: Objective:Analysis 86-patients with coronary heart disease underwent CAG. To evaluate diagnostic value of DSA coronary angiography on coronary heart disease. Methods:All 86 cases 63 of them coronary artery stenosis ≥50%shown by DSA were selectively analyzed statistical analyses were involved in the degree location amount and shape of the stenosis. the distribution and collateral circulation of coronary artery ,the left ventricular wall motion and eject`fraction (EF ). Results:In 63 cases of coronary artery stenosis ≥50% occlusion ,there were 41.7 and 12 cases with right ,left and balanced dominant artery distribution ,respectively ;22,17and 20 cases with single-vessel ,double-vessel and triple-vessel lesions ,respectively there were total 136 lesions in 104 vessel ,where 28-lesions (45%)were serious narrowing or occlusion 12-patients (19%)had varied collateral circulation formation .both left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)and wall motion analyses in 32-patients showed 20 cases with EF ≥50%,7-with EF40%50%and 2-with EF <40%.there was a significant difference between LVEF of serious stenoses or occlusion complicated with ventricular aneurysm and that of simple stenoses (p<0.01). Conclusion:Most coronary distributions are right dominant in this sereies coronary heart disease mostly involves LAD ,then RCA and LCF ,and also the degree of stenosis is mostly serious .moreover ,the formation of collateral circulation is helpful for protection of the function of the ventricle .Additionally the hight quality DSA equipment plays an important role in the interventional treatment of coronary artery disease .
Key words: DSA;Coronary angiography; Coronary artery disease;Ejection fraction
1 材料与方法
收集病例86例,其中男59例(69%);女27例(31%),年龄19~72岁,平均40.5岁。仪器为美国GE公司生产的DLX数字减影系统。选择CORONARIES,进入HOLD模式。该机能进行实时采集,速度达到12.5帧/s~25帧/s,矩阵为512×512,应用SELDINGER技术,JUDRINS 导管,对比剂使用碘比乐 ,造影方法与有关文献报道相同[1],右冠状动脉造影取RAO30°及LAO45°头倾25°,LAO60° 足倾30°投照。手推注5~8ml,CAG后行左心室造影,取RAO30°高压注射,流率15~20ML/s,每次30~40ml 压力300PSL。经过对CAG的综合分析,冠状动脉狭窄以管腔截面缩小≥50%为有意义病变,50%~69%为轻度狭窄,70%~89%为中度狭窄,大于90%为重度狭窄,100%为闭塞。
2 结果
86例选择性CAG中,冠状动脉显示正常17例(19.8%),≥50%冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞63例(73.2%),右冠状动脉优势型41例(66%),左冠状动脉优势型7例(11%),本组显示与文献报告大致相似[2]。冠心病63例中,受累血管104支136处,单支病变22例(36%),2支病变17例(27%),3支病变20例(32%),重度狭窄及闭塞28处(45%)。 冠状动脉狭窄的形态:造影表现为①管腔局限性对称或偏心性狭窄,有的呈沙漏状,②狭窄边缘不规则,血管纤细,管壁僵硬及显影浅淡。③狭窄或闭塞远端血管明显减少或显示血供空白。④狭窄近端血流缓慢,远端显影及排空延迟。⑤狭窄或闭塞病例中有不同程度的侧支循环形成,表现为左冠状动脉前降支或回旋支从右冠状动脉侧支,使左冠状动脉逆行显影。左冠状动脉前降支与左回旋支之间亦可互相沟通形成侧支而显影。右冠状动脉亦可通过前、后降支之间隔支侧支循环而显影(逆行充盈)。本组病例中行左心室造影47例(76%)能测量LVEF者38例,EF为23%~80%。以大于55%为左心室功能轻度减弱有37例(23%),多发生于单纯性冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞者,EF小于40%者有5例(7.9%)为左心室功能严重减退,发生于多支病变严重冠状动脉狭窄与闭塞合并室壁瘤者,经统计学处理,严重冠状动脉狭窄与闭塞合并室壁瘤者与单纯狭窄或闭塞者LVEF差异有极显著意义,P<0.01。
3 讨论
DSA-CAG是确定冠状动脉病变准确而可靠的诊断方法之一,DSA-CAG表现是诊断和转贴于 酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net