乳腺癌的诊治新进展

    美国华盛顿大学医院（Washington University School of Medicine）和赛特癌症中心（Sitenman Cancer Center）的研究人员研制出乳腺癌疫苗-乳腺球蛋白-A的蛋白质 ［13］。乳腺球蛋白-A在癌症免疫疗法中备受关注，因为它经常在乳腺癌中出现，并且分泌量很高。这种抗癌疫苗能够激活T细胞识别乳腺球蛋白-A，使其把肿瘤细胞识别为外来物，从而攻击细胞。疫苗产生的免疫反应可以作为其他癌症疗法的被补充，或作为高危人群的预防措施。

    更年期妇女在接受激素替代疗法时，同时服用的大量的雌激素和孕激素会增加患乳腺癌风险。但法国科学家的一项最新研究显示，妇女在服用雌激素时，如果只辅以很少量的孕激素，患乳腺癌的几率较前一种方式小了许多。沙普隆同时指出，那些已经摘除子宫并仅采用雌激素替代疗法的中草药老年女性，乳腺癌患病率非常小，甚至几率为零。

    乳房自我触诊法为应用各指掌面触摸，手指并拢放平，动作轻柔，切忌重按或抓摸，一般先由乳房内侧开始，自上而下随后把左臂放下，再触摸外上方、外下方及乳晕、腋窝，触摸两侧乳房外上方感觉有无肿块、腺体增厚或其他异常改变，因为外上方发生肿瘤的机会或较多，如发现肿物，应及时就诊，以便早期诊断。

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