Abstract: This paper attempts to disscuss the principles of scientifc English translation from the aspects of lexical and syntactic features of Scientific English, and find the translation countermeasures to the difficulties in Scientific English translation.
On the basis of lexical and syntactic features of scientific English, this thesis brings forward the characteristics and standards of scientific English translation; they are preciseness, clarity and brevity. At the same time this paper puts forward the difficulties in the aspects of English comprehension, Chinese expression and technical understanding which the translator will meet in translation. According to the above mentioned difficulties, countermeasures are offered in details in this chapter. It is a big help to scientific English tranlators.
Key words: Scientific English; lexical feature; syntactic feature; translation;

摘要：本文试图从科技英语词汇特点和语法特点的角度，探讨了科技英语的翻译策略，得出了在科技英语的翻译过程中的注意事项及其相应的对策。
本文根据科技英语的词汇和句法特色，提出科技英语翻译的特点和标准，即准确、明晰、简练。同时本文提出了科技英语翻译过程中翻译工作者在英语理解、语表达和科技知识掌握方面可能遇见的困难。针对以上困难，作者提出了在翻译过程中的注意事项及其相应的解决对策。这些对科技英语翻译工作者有一定的指导意义。
关键词：科技英语；词汇特点；句法特点；翻译

Intorduction
Scientific English is a specific style of English widely used in scientific and technical fields. Science and technology have drawn much attention of the whole country since the late 1970’s, when China started its reform and opening-up. Scientific English plays a significant role in the course of acquiring new science and advanced technology from other countries, and in the course of introducing the situation in China to the outside world as well. With its entry into WTO, China becomes more open than ever and makes every effort to catch up with the developing of the world’s advanced science and technology. As such, scientific English translation is so important that has become a strong pushing force for China’s advancement of science and technology. Up to date, however, there are still many problems in scientific English translation. For instance, some translations are hard to understand.
The lexical and syntactic structures in scientific English have their own characteristics. Therefore, this paper through analysing the lexical and syntactic features of scientific English, study on scientific English translation mainly concentrate on concrete methods, including translation of terminology and sentences. Through our analyses we find the characteristics and standards in scientific English translation, at the same time, we find the strategies of scientific English translation.

1 Evolution and foundation of scientific English
In this chapter, we will give a general introduction to scientific English, illustrating its definition, origin and importance.
1.1 Origin and definition of scientific English
As is illustrated in the preceding parts, science consists of social sciences and natural sciences, and correspondingly, we might have such things as natural scientific English and social scientific English. Though, like natural scientific English, social scientific English can also be highly technical, they are substantially different from each other, in that the former is concerned with natural sciences and therefore features more objectivity; while the latter deals with social sciences, such as sociology, anthropology, etc，and is therefore characterized by more subjectivity. In this thesis, what I am interested in and focus on is natural scientific English, so hereinafter, when scientific English is mentioned, it refers to natural scientific English. Along with the development of science and technology, scientific English has grown into an English variety.

According to Savory in 1967, scientific English vocabulary emerged with Geoffrey Chaucer, a great founder for English literature[1]. In 1391, Chaucer produced a small book entitled A Treatise on the Aristotle, in which he borrowed some foreign words and explained their meanings for the benefit of his young readers. Thereafter, he adopted such words as part of the vocabulary of his subject. Thus the words latitude, longitude, meridian, declination, ecliptic, and zodiac are all used by him in their present senses; and this is also how the Arabic words azimuth, nadir and zenith first carne to be included in the English language. So it was Chaucer who first took words directly from Latin or Greek as scientific terms, and afterwards other English writers followed Chaucer’s practice as a custom.
In the fifteenth century and sixteenth the vocabulary of science grew but very slowly, partly because all the important scientific were written in Latin, and partly because science only obtained slight development. Not until the end of the sixteenth century did science begin to make an impression on the language, and scientific vocabulary begin to take shape. The seventeenth century witnessed a period of relatively fast development of science. A few great British scientists such as William Harvey, Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, etc. came to the world and some important scientific works were published due to their contributions to science. Nevertheless, their chief works were not written in English, but in Latin. Anyway, a few scientific works began to be published in both Latin and English, and even if science was read in Latin it was talked about in English, so that its new ideas had to be given expression in the spoken language. More encouragingly, besides physics, biology obtained rapid progress and a large number of relevant terms came into being, thus contributing much to the emergence of scientific language.转贴于酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net

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