3. 1. 2 Attaching great importance to inputs on the basis of listening
There is a close relationship between the improvements of spoken English and listening. This is not only because you can promise a smooth conversation after understanding other side’s meanings, but also because what you say is always derived from what you hear. Therefore, in the concrete teaching process, we should start from the listening, adopt the principle of “speaking after listening”, namely, the students should start imitating after clearly and exactly hearing of teacher’s full presentation. The main methods to strengthen language input are:
(1) Imitation
(2) Recitation
(3) Repetition [7]
3. 2 Eliminating students’ anxiety and relaxing teaching environment
In the course of the study, I found that students have a strong desire to speak excellent oral English, but in practice, they often generated some psychological tension, which is a tremendous obstacle for them to improve oral English level. How to eliminate the tension, and help them use English to conduct freely communication is the problem every English teacher needs to solve.
3. 2. 1 Creating a lively and relaxing teaching atmosphere
In the traditional language teaching, teachers are the principal part of the class. Therefore, in most of conditions, students are received the knowledge passively. Now, we have realized that teaching should focus on students, and foster their self-determination. However, things are different in the practical oral English teaching of non-English majors. Many teachers themselves have excellent spoken English, they can keep saying in the class, but it seems that the students in the class are listening to a lecture. The oral English class becomes the teacher’s talk show. In the oral English class, the teacher should be clear to his teaching purpose, and his duty is to improve his students’ oral English. Investigation result shows that 90% of them want to learn good oral English, but their enthusiasm disappears gradually because they are disappointed for oral English teaching. Of course, it is far inadequate only to focus on students in class, in order to do this, teachers should take corresponding measures.
First of all, teachers should dilute their control consciously in the teaching classroom, change the original teacher-oriented teaching mode, and establish a student-oriented teaching mode. Teachers are the learning counselors of students, they should take the organization, guidance, control, assessment, promotion, participation and the role of psychological support (Yang Tong, 2006) [8]. Secondly, teachers should attach importance to emotional teaching. They should use proper error correction methods, establish a good relationship between teachers and students in teaching process, and make efforts to become the mentor of students. Not only do they care their learning, but also are concerned about the students’ daily life. Teachers should purposefully observe and coordinate the relation of various psychological factors, to eliminate students’ sense of awe and fear to teacher. In classroom, teachers should participate in students’ activities actively with equal identity, in this way, they can help them foster self-confidence, overcome inferiority, until they understand that learning language is a gradually perfect process.
In the practice of speaking, teachers only need to rectify the unitary error. Because when the students are conducting freely expression, too much correction will interrupt their thought, destruct their language flow, and even make them feel ashamed for fear of a mistake. As for the language mistakes in the students’ practice, teachers should pay attention to strategies. In principle, don’t make students afraid of difficulty, and never contuse their enthusiasm. Teachers should adopt a hortative, affirmative attitude to eliminate their mental anxiety of silence because they are afraid of mistake, and make them get successful and amusing experience ceaselessly, so as to build up confidence and willingness to express oral English. Dories and Beta said that “one can’t master a language without making any mistake”, which points out the importance of learning English from mistakes. So, both teachers and students don’t need to worry about solecism. With the large input of language, all of these mistakes will disappear gradually [9].
Therefore, when the students tried to conduct oral English communication, teachers should not hold the attitude of finding fault or correcting fault, but to encourage and tolerate. As for necessary errors, they could be pointed out after his or her full expression. Once a student makes progress, teachers should be willing to give a timely praise. A good teacher-student relationship and timely encouragement is the well-established methods to help students to speak English.
3. 2. 2 Stimulating students’ potential drive and participation awareness
Adopting flexible teaching methods is the key to teach oral English, and avoid the use of rigid, boring, single training methods as much as possible. Teachers should organize the teaching scheme based on the content of teaching materials and the students’ interest.
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