大学英语写作教学中的问题及解决方案(英文)

3  Solutions to the existing problems
Based on the discussion above, I’d like to put forward some suggested solutions to the teaching of college English writing in this chapter.
3. 1 Replacing product-based approach with process-oriented approach
3. 1. 1 An analysis of product-based approach
Developing out of the decline of oral composition and an increasing emphasis on belles-lettres during the 17th and 18th centuries，product approach is a rather traditional approach of writing. The writing product approach is that compositions are only judged as final products and the evaluation of writing skills is just on the basis of the production of grammatically lexically accurate texts, emphasizing feedback from the teacher to the students’ compositions.
Concretely speaking, that is: The teacher gives a topic or a selection, a set of requirements, and a time limit. The students finish the task within the limit and hand in the final product. The students’ work is evaluated based on the accuracy of final product. The process that the students go through while doing the writing task is virtually ignored. The teacher turns a blind eye to how the students produce the product.
Product approach, it emphasizes on knowledge of languages, with special emphasis on vocabulary, syntax and the use of appropriate means of convergence. However, this teaching method stresses on result, students’ writing process is completely mechanical copying, controlled entirely by teachers, which is difficult to arouse students interest. Teachers occupy the dominant position in this teaching method, ignoring the participation of students, whose interactive is poor.
It is accuracy-oriented, characterized by a 3-step procedure according to Kamimura:

Procedure One Procedure Two Procedure Three
the teacher gives the title students make draft The teacher correcting papers

According to this approach, the students are plunged into an isolated environment. What they do is almost to imitate writing, that is, they read samples and then try to imitate. The first draft is usually the last one. Though there may be a writing lesson, writing is often assigned as homework. “Product-oriented approach to writing focuses on talks in which the learner imitates, copies, and transforms models provided by the teacher or the textbooks.” [5] The final product, the coherent, error-free text are the key elements in writing.
In such a writing course, training in free composition should begin at the sentence level to the basic paragraph structure, including topic sentences, supporting statements and conclusions. The students must be able to write a sentence first, and then they are trained to write composition with the controlled writing exercises or models. Consequently, in most cases, the teacher takes many papers to home and carefully marks all the grammatical and mechanical errors in the writing at night.