2. 1 The influence of cultural interference on English learning
Due to the geographic and historical reasons, different nations have different culture which resulting the cultural differences. The so-called cultural interference means the learners unconsciously applied or added cultural habits or patterns of their own nationality to the language they learned. With the result that, the learner would have biased error on understanding, or even lead to the failure of communication. The cultural interference will lead a series of impacts to the foreign language learners.
2. 1. 1 The negative transfer caused by different thinking ways and experience in mind
In the study of second language, many researches are done about the learners on the negative transfer of native language linguistic knowledge, such as the grammar and vocabulary knowledge of the native language, which have negative effects on the target language. However, the study found that the ways of thinking and the experience in mind under different cultural habits can also produce negative effect to the target language. In the students’ English writing, we often found the negative transfer due to different cultural way of thinking. The so-called negative transfer produced by different ways of thinking and psychological experience refers to that in the students’ writing there are no mistakes of grammar and vocabulary, but the native speakers can’t understand and accept the sentences or the using of words in the writing. The following sentences are taken from an English writing which was written by a Chinese student:
A. Money can even make ghosts work for you.
B. China will become the greatest country in the world．It is very soon.
C. We are the flowers of our motherland.
From sentence A and sentence C we can see that the Chinese culture impact on the English writing directly. And in sentence B, the unclear reference in Chinese expression was used in English writing. Though English writing, we can change students’ way of thinking more or less, and gradually train them to use the English way to think. But we should also know that the native language’s way of thinking affects the target language deeply. Therefore, we need to offer specialized cultural curriculum and guidance to students in order to reduce the negative transfer of the target language which is made by the ethnic and cultural ways of thinking [2].
2. 1. 2 The different understandings on idioms
Idiom is an important part of language and culture. In the different language and culture communications, if idioms are used properly, it will be embellished what is already beautiful. But it will also cause communications breakdown to produce the culture interference if people use the language improperly. At the beginning to learn English, I heard such a story: a Chinese students first came to Britain to study, one day he was reading near the window, and suddenly he heard that someone shouted, “Look out!” He thought that there must be an interesting thing happened outside, so he hastened to obtrude his head from the window. At the same time, a bowl of water is poured in his head. He queried the person upstairs angrily. But the upstairs person was very innocent to answer, “Haven’t you heard what I said just now?” He answered, “Yes, so I look out.” The reason was that “look out” in different context has different meaning. Here “look out” means “cautious”. And from this story, we can see that the importance and hardness of the learning and understanding of idioms in the target language. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative transfer of communication of idiom in learning English, the target language learners should use the idiom dictionary and adhere to learn more and more use. It would be able to overcome this difficulty ultimately.
2. 1. 3 A negative influence on English language caused by different value systems
In the process of studying the target language, learners are often easy to confuse the two value systems, which cause obstacle in communication. This negative impact is revealed in two aspects: one is the lack of understanding the value system of the target language resulting in conflict. Some students do not understand British and American culture. When communicate with them, they usually ask some things about other people’s privacy, which cause other’s unhappiness. In the British and American culture, age, married or unmarried, political orientation, religion, income etc. belong to the scope of privacy. But in China, people usually involve these issues when people talk. The other is to understand the value systems of the target language too simply or in general terms. Such errors are revealed in that the learners not have fully understood the culture of the target language. They thought wrongly that all the England and America have the same characteristics, with the same way of thinking, speaking habits, values and living habits. But the fact is that there are differences among individuals. If using a general pattern to sum up all the people who have the same culture of target language, learners will make big mistakes.
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