（12）The source text:
在四川西部，有一处美妙的去处。它背依岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟声婉转，流水潺潺，这就是松潘的黄龙。
The target text:
One of Sichuan’s scenic spots Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountain. Its lust green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling stream, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.
The English version has rearranged the structure of the source text mainly due to the different thought patterns of Chinese and westerners. Thought pattern has a great impact on the actual realization of communication. While the Chinese thought pattern is spiral and the topic is usually developed in an inductive way. Therefore the translator rewrites the whole text into two new sentences and places “松潘的黄龙” at the beginning of the target text in correspondence with English manner of writing. Similar arrangement is applied to the following example:
（13）The source text:
杨堤翠柳是漓江风光的著名一景。江到杨堤，青峰锁江，碧水萦绕，晴岚紫气，翠竹垂岸，农舍半现，炊烟袅袅，云飞雾绕，如虚如幻，犹如一幅格调高雅的中国画。
The target text:
“Yangdi Green Bamboo” is one of the famous scenic spots of the Li River. The scenery is like one traditional Chinese painting with blue river blocked by green hills, and groves of bamboo growing on the riverbank. Traces of smokes rising from a few farmer houses mixed with the mist that created a mysterious atmosphere.
In the second sentence of this example, the translator puts “犹如一幅格调高雅的中国画” at the beginning of the sentence to make it more acceptable to the foreign reader, then followed by the further description of the traditional Chinese painting, thus achieving a better attractive function. Besides, the second sentence in Chinese version is rewritten to two English versions and the pompous Chinese style is changed into a plain and natural style through concrete description of the scenes.
Up till now we have finished the discussion on translation problems caused by language convention. To overcome the cultural barriers on textual level, some methods such as rewriting, deletion, analogy and so on are used in translation. And prombles, such as Chinese pompous dictions, frequent use of quotations and four-character collocations can be efficiently solved. Great differences between Chinese and English exist as the former is characterized by its pompous style with much parallelism and ornateness while the latter desires a rational and concise style. So there is often a necessity to simplify the descriptions In Chinese text to a more concrete, specific and relatively plain style by using rewriting, deletion, analogy under the guidance of functional translation theory, translators are able to flexibly use these methods, through which the target text becomes more readable and can serve a better appealing and persuasive function.
4 Methods of translating names of scenic spots
Name of scenic spots and historical sites for most tourisms may be the first thing to feel distinct Chinese culture. Naming in different cultural communities can possess its unique features, mainly demonstrated in its motivations and origins which have close relationship with local culture, such as 平湖秋月（Autumn Moon on Calm Lake），兰雪堂（Orchid Snow Hall），芙蓉榭（Lotus Waterside Pavilion），etc [10]. From the names, tourisms can experience an unfamiliar naming characteristic and enjoy peculiar aesthetic feelings. Surely it is not an easy task to translate names of different place, as names have various origins and formations.
For foreigners, the names of scenic spots or historical sites play a prominent role because they make the first impression of the tourism attractions on their mind. However, many translation problems exist concerning this basic information presented for the reader. In the first place, a certain scenic spot or historical site may have quite different versions of its English name. For instance, “太湖” is translated into “Tai Lake” or “Taihu Lake”. “黄山” has renderings of both “Huangshan Mountain” and “Huang Mountain”. The famous garden “豫园” in Shanghai, also has two English names “Yu Garen” and “Yu Yuan Garden”. This lack of consistent English names will often puzzle foreigners. In addition, it can also make negative effects on the publicity of these tourism attractions.
A name is important to a place as well as to a person. If a place is given a beautiful and fascinating name, it will attract immediate attention and gain popularity with the lapse of time. But an inconspicuous name will get little attention and sometimes even cause cultural misunderstanding. In the following part, the author will devote some space to making an analysis of the way the names of some scenic spots are translated.
4. 1 Transliteration
Transliteration means “translating according to pronunciation”, and it is mainly used in translating proper nouns, such as cities, counties, villages and towns. We often adopt pinyin so as to make foreigners remember the names easily. And this is of course a very effective way for them to get access to Chinese pronunciation, for example:
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