商务英语词汇特点及其翻译(英文)

We can see there are many noun phrases in the invitation letter. In formal business letter, noun structure is often used to express the implement of action and continuance of state. Noun takes the place of adjective to express emotion and attitude.
Business English refers to many fields, include trade business, insurance, production, contract and so on. Its particularity results in the difference with general English. Compare with the verb structure, Nominalization is more polite and euphemistic, and it is a kind of polite diction used often.
1. 3 Synonymy 
Synonymy is another characteristic of Business English lexical. In despite of similar meaning, even can be replace each other, but there also exist nuance. It requires the translator to pay more attention to it, and make use of it well. Actually, translator often uses it to avoid or cause the repetition to make translation better.
1. 3. 1 Difference
synonyms are named as such because they covey a similar concept but on closer inspection we can find conceptual differences, for example, Treasury bonds, treasury bills and treasury notes all mean a security, such as a note, issued by the U.S. Treasury, but treasury bonds is long-term, treasury bills is short-term, and treasury notes is middle-term. Other words are synonymic, but they may have difference in stylistic features [4]. Bread, money, currency is synonymy. Money is the most common, it is often used in daily life, and it is neutral. Bread is slang only used in informal occasion. Currency is economic terminology which is the most formal one among the three words. There are some other examples in the following form.

A B
grant
levy
tariff
effect
initiate
inform
acquaint
purchase
constitute
terminate
within the first ten days of June give
charge
tax
make
begin
tell
be familiar with
buy
include
end
in early June
Words in Everyday English and Business English

We can see all the words under A term and the one under B term have familiar meaning, but Business English often use the words in column A, because it is apparent that the A part is more formal than B. Some words have difference in connotation, take “elephants” and “large institutional investors” for example, elephants and large institutional investors express a similar concept, but elephants are derogatory, it means the Institutional investors who don’t consider the profit of sporadic investors. The last kind of difference between the synonyms exists in American English and Britain English, both “irredeemable” and “perpetual” mean the bond which can’t be redeem in advance, but the former one is the Britain English, the last one is the American English. Another familiar example is the PLC (public liability company) in Britain English, the same meaning, in American English, they use “corporation”.
1. 3. 2 Repetition
In order to avoid ambiguity and aim at accuracy, there are many synonym repetitions, especially in contract. For example, “losses and damages”, “terms and conditions”, “controversies and difference”, “on and after”, “methods and procedures”, The two words in these phrases have similar meaning, reinforce and perfect each other which ensure the veracity[5]. The followed sentences are the same one.
1) The seller shall be liable for any rust attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the Seller in regard to packing.
2) This contract is made and signed by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the buyer agrees to buy and the seller agrees to sell the under - mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
1. 4 Terminology
As the English for specific purpose, Business English has a larger number of proper words, such as Fisher equation, Wilmington plan, Graham method, Fitch sheets and so on. These words can’t be understood if the translator didn’t have professional knowledge. There are some other words formed in accident. Gnomes, which is created by British Minister of Labor during the Sterling crisis in 1964. It means the people who engage in the banking and financing. There are some interesting terminologies, such as IOU, which means a bill signed in acknowledgement of debt. In fact, it imitates the pronunciation of “I owe you”[6]. What’ more, the glossary of business English has included followed main aspects.
1. 4. 1 Hyphens terminology
In order to simplify the sentences, some Hyphens terminologies are produced during writing, which are not rooted. The other one are formed to describe the new-born commercial tool or phenomena. They are formed in many kinds, become a part of business English Glossary. The advantage of it is that the sentence can become compacter，more capable and vigorous , the logic is clear.
1) The funds can be invested in United States government bonds or municipal bonds which are exempt from tax.
2) The funds can be invested in United States government bonds or tax-exempt municipal bonds.
In the first sentence, the clause can modify government bonds and municipal bonds. But In the second sentence, tax-exempt takes the place of clause，and the usage avoids ambiguity[7].转贴于 酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net