Consecutive interpretation, which requires no well-equipped booths and sophisticated wiring system, is the most widely used form of interpretation in China on various occasions ranging from formal talks or negotiations (between our Party or State leaders and the visiting VIPs, for instance) to helping a foreign tourist to get over his language difficulties in shopping in an out-of-the-way store. Indeed, it has been such a widely used form in our country that when the non-professional people speak of “oral-interpretation” (or “interpreters”), what they really refer to is, in the jargon of international conferences, “consecutive interpretation” (or “consecutive interpreters” who, incidentally, can be seen in a fairly great number of our cities where scenic spots or places of historical interest are open to visitors from abroad). To this most widely-used form of interpretation, the following of this course’s in-class practice are devoted. And it has been borne out by practice that genuine competence in “consecutive interpretation” can serve as a very solid foundation for “simultaneous interpretation”, though the latter calls’ for additional, laborious “intensive training”.
Simultaneous interpretation, which occupies no time apart from that taken by the original speaker but requires rather, expensive and highly sophisticated sets of electronic equipment, is increasingly needed at international meetings and conferences where a large number of countries are represented. This form of interpretation, which requires very intensive specific training to attain proficiency and the training program for which is internationally accepted as a post-graduate professional training program.
In addition, there is the third form “On-Sight Interpretation” or “At-Sight Interpretation” or, simply, “Sight-Interpretation” which, for all practical purposes, is basically similar to “simultaneous interpretation” in approach on the part of the interpreter. Furthermore, there is the fourth form “Whispering” which is sometimes used at “Small” meetings or at a meeting where no arrangement or equipment for either consecutive or simultaneous interpretation is made and, in such cases, an interpreter’s assigned job is sometimes to whisper into the ear of one or two representatives what is being said by the original speaker.
1. 3 The characteristics of interpretation
There are several characteristics concerning interpretation.
The first is timeliness .The subject of the interpreter is not the words written on paper, but oral language. So, we can not read the words repeatedly, or look it up in the dictionary or ask for other’s opinion. We should catch and understand the speaker’s information at one time. As the time is limited, the interpreter is required to act promptly and accurately if possible.
The second is unpredictability. It is quite easy to understand that during the procedure of interpreting there could be many things unpredictable．Interpreter must enter into the language shifting status with limit preparation．In some situations such as press conference or business negotiation the topic could change constantly and often comes from an unexpected direction thus makes it very unreliable or even dangerous to predict the topics．
The third is flexibility. A good interpreter should deal with the information flexibly according to the situation. For example, the same sentence “I’ve just graduated”, if asked “How long have you been working?” means “in a short period”, if asked “what a pity that you just deal with it like this!” means “I have little experience about it”, if asked “will you marry me?” means “No, I’m too young”.[4]
The fourth is multiple skills. International cooperation is now fulfilled in most areas of social life；people from different classes，vacations, with different educational and cultural backgrounds are more and more involved into the international dialogue．This requires an interpreter to be at least a half expert in the field of concerned topics．In many cases，problems originate not just from the language but from lack of special knowledge or misunderstanding of specific terms.
2 The difficulties of interpretation
In practical interpretation, the interpreter will meet with various difficulties inevitably. These difficulties may not only appear alone in one stage but also in several stages. Whether to conquer these difficulties or not has affected the interpreting quality directly. Interpreting concerns different cultures and involves participants from different cultural background. These differences are the major causes for the formation of the difficulties of interpretation. There are mainly two typical difficulties, the cultural difference awareness between eastern and western, the interpretation of idioms, figures, humor and jokes.转贴于 酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net
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