3. 1. 2 Effects of the Basic Level Category in solving the prototype uncertainty
Just like Gerrard’s thought, the fixity of traditional category extremely cannot meet the people’s cognitive requirement, because the experience of unceasingly renews is nearly impossible to provide us the prefect relationships between different members in traditional category’s definition. In some kind of significance, the basic level category theory has given us the enormous space in two aspects. Generally speaking, the basic-core members has own the major attributes, on this point, if we can firstly pick out the basic-core members within category, we can quickly understand and grasp the major attributes which the prototype members should be. Then, we may define the prototype members by following these attributes. At the same time, the basic level category theory allows the entity, which only shares the minimum partial attribute with the central member, to go into its member. So the basic level category theory is more flexible than the prototype theory, in order to adapt the unceasingly changes in the environment, and it also provides the important theory basis for the prototype member. The basic level category theory has so great function is decided by its special attributes.
1. Completeness of experience feeling.
Things belong to the basic level category generally have integrity in visual, named gestalt. The gestalt is an organized and uniform unity arose iteratively in human experiences.
2. An easy identification of psychological understanding
Things of the basic level category often quickly distinguish by people. And the basic level category is the earliest and the most natural category accepted by human being.
3. Priority status in class.
Basic level always placed in the center. Basic level words are the earliest produced words which have the most ancient.
4. Consistent behavioral response.
Things belong to the basic level category usually are the highest same reaction produced in human action.
5. Common use in communicative language.
It is commonly believed that the basic level words were most early produced with the most brief and the highest frequency of use.
6. The validity of the related clues.
People take the basic level category as the starting points to fetch out the correlative members and concepts.
7. Organization of knowledge and thought
Most of all human knowledge and thought are organized and spread on the basis of the basic level category which was used by human being as the tool to categorize the object and organism in the objective world[8].
3. 2 Effects of the using of Prototype Theory
We already knew from the previous chapter’s discussion, three origins of the prototype member’s dominance explain that the prototype member caused the uncertainty problem when its extending. Solved this problem, we need to take huge effect of the use of the Prototype Theory for reference.
Prototype Category Theory is different from Aristotle's theory of classical areas, it can adapt to the changing development, and people’s unfamiliar information. For traditional area, new data often establishes on a new category or re-definition of the existing category. However, speaking to prototype category theory, the new entity and the new experience are very easily related together, just as the members of the edgy category and no necessary to re-establish the category from its base.
3. 2. 1 Dual attention to the structure stability and flexibility
Gerrard believed that ‘The apperception should have a trend to stability of its structure[9]; new information will arise at any time. The category can work more effectively if no significant change on it, and at the same time it should be able to adapt to the changing environment flexibly. In order to prevent confusion, the category does need to have a trend of built-in structural stability. While this structural stability should not become fixity, otherwise the category system will not be able to adapt the constant renewal of the world environment.’ Obviously, the prototype theory well meets the requirement of structural stability and flexibility. The very little differences caused by the prototype concept’s internal development show that, they have the great capacity to cope with the tremendous changes in the environment and the needs of the updating. On the other hand, the edge of unusual concept can be used as edge examples and combine with the existing category. These facts have fully proved that there is a trend of prototype theory to maintain its overall structure system by its own.
3. 2. 2 The Prototype Theory effect in the category fuzzy edge and category tolerance
The fuzzy category edge directly lead to the appearance of the category tolerance problem while tolerance reflect the category’s fuzzy extent. Both of them complete each other. And for they are indivisible, in solution to any one of them, we will inevitably refer to another. Semantic category is a very complex contradictions, it involves both abstract attributes and experienced knowledge. The semantic component analysis model and the extreme prototype theory are two extremes of semantic analysis. The former over stressed the abstract attributes of semantic category while the latter pay too much emphasis on the experience basis of word meanings. I believe that, in order to avoid repeating Aitchison’s extreme mistakes when carrying on the semantic analysis research by using the prototype theory. It is necessary to adopt the compromise model advanced by Leech.
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