3. 1 Translator as a reader
“A translator firstly should make full understanding of the original work and decode its message into his mental conception, and then encode the target text from this conception. Although it is oversimplified to model the translating process as decoding of the source language text and encoding of the target language text, for translation is consecutive and integrated activity”.[2] At the first stage of translation, the translator should decode the message of the source text, of which the basis is to reach a good and fully understanding of the original. In a sense, translators are “privilege reader” of the source text, playing a role as readers in the complex translating process.
Unlike the ordinary source text or target text reader, the translator will achieve his translation skopos and complete greater tasks. And an ordinary reader is to understand and know the general idea of a work, while the translator is likely to read and understand the original work more thoroughly and more deliberately, to achieve his translation purpose. An ordinary reader will scan over the source text, or skip some paragraphs or pages deliberately; even he doesn’t get understanding or ideas of the work, even his reading and understanding is so random and subjective. But the translator’s task is to convey the content and messages from the source text to the target text, he should read the work more carefully and disgust the meaning and connotations through turning over. And different works have different features and historical and cultural backgrounds. Consequently, as a reader, the translator will study the details of the author’s backgrounds, taking the historical and cultural contexts into consideration. Correspondingly, the translator should take great pains to research the author’s life attitude, aesthetic tendencies and language styles etc. more deeply, even the author’s and the works’ social, historical and cultural contexts and so on. Only by this way, the translator is able to convey the meaning and context of the source text more correctly.
Inevitably, the average reader can involve his or her own beliefs and values in the creative reading process, whereas the translator has to be more guarded. “Ideological nuances, cultural predispositions and so on in the source text have to be relayed untainted by the translator’s own vision of reality”. [11] Different people have different understanding and interpretation of a literary work for the different viewpoints on a thing and issue. However, the translator is to transfer the source text to satisfy the target language readers. He will be restricted by the author, source text and target language text. So the translator’s reading doesn’t have random imaginary and completely subjective elements like the common readers.
Additionally, Wolfgang Iser, the representative of the Aesthetics of Reception, pointed out that there are many indeterminacies and gaps in the texture [15]. Only if the reader fills in and links these indeterminacies and gaps, the meaning of the texture will be represented. Different translators have different opinions in the process of reading, thereby these indeterminacies and gaps are endowed with different meanings. Also, to have a comprehensive and proper understanding of the source text, the translator should place himself in the work, feeling what these characters feel, thinking what they think. Through reading, the translator himself experiences the thinking, feeling and experience of the characters in the original work. Therefore, the translator can better decode and transfer the messages of the source text.
Consequently, the translator as a reader is more thorough, more deliberate in reading the source text than that of the ordinary reader. His task and aims of reading are more difficult and soul-searching. The translator is deep into the source text to understand the work better.
3. 2 Translator as a re-writer
Depending on his mental conception in the reading stage, the translator will begin to encode the message and produce the target text, acting as a writer. As translation refers not only to a transform process of languages, but also to an important communicative activity, while the latter is dominant. The translator should be bilinguist and bicultural. He should involve his understanding and interpretation of the original work as a reader into linguistic transmission. And he will realize the thinking, aesthetic tendencies and language style etc. In this process, the translator doesn’t simply copy the meaning of the original work, but rather rewrite the original and produce a new target text actively.
More importantly, the translator’s aim is for cultural communication. The translator’s task is to produce a translated text to meet the readers’ tastes and interests and adhere to the reception contexts. The translator needs to learn some details of target language and its culture, then to adopt relevant translation strategies and devices to compose the target text. To reach fusion of horizon, the translator should take more consideration into the differences of languages and cultures, adjusting the unsuitable in composition process.
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