Although traditional translation studies have existed for a rather long time in translation history, target-oriented translation studies don’t have a long story. Recently, translational subjects and subjectivity have been paid more and more attention. Gideon Toury put forward Target Text Theory which centered on target language. He has doubted the ideal and simple transitional process of
Source text----Translator-----Target Text
Toury has done field studies for several-language translated texts to find out which actual decisions the translator has done in translating process. These target texts are not completely equivalent with source texts or functional equivalence. The translators are making great effort to do his work in light of readers and target culture systems. Toury thought that traditional translation standards were source-oriented and idealized, and that the translator were not only to obey various standards and principles of a good translation, which has been best summarized as “loyalty”, “ fidelity”, “faithful”, “equivalence” and some more wordy ones. As a result, he put forward Target Text Theory or target-oriented approach [4]. This indicates the beginning of target-oriented translation studies, which is a break through for source-oriented and traditional translation studies.
In 1990, Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere were the first to suggest that translation studies take the “Cultural Turn” and look towards work of cultural studies scholar. In their new book Constructing Cultures, they present a strong case for moving the field of cultural studies closer to translation studies [5]. Thus, the translation studies are moved from text-oriented to culture-oriented. Translation is regarded as a rewriting and manipulation of an original text. It is an ever-lasting reinterpretation and re-contextualization process for different languages and signals. Lefevere has brought translation studies into a post-modernization situation, which has moved the translator from his original marginalized role to a subjective and active position in cultural environment. Meanwhile, advances made in other disciplines as well as some new theories put forward in translation studies have provided the idea of translator’s subjectivity with valuable theoretical support, such as hermeneutics, deconstruction, translation aesthetics, the manipulation school of translation studies, etc. Lefevere researched ideological, and gave exposition of “rewriting” and “manipulation”, all of which were about the issue of the translator’s subjectivity. Consequently, the center issue of the translator’s subjectivity is again to be studied and researched by scholars and researchers.
In the 1970s, the Cultural Turn in translation studies provides new dimensions and approaches for translatology studies. Then the research on translational subjects has drawn great attention in western theory fields. French Antoine Berman has called on to go to the translator, and directed out that criticism on translatology must stand on the position of the subject, the translator [6]. The manipulation school thinks that literary translation is a process that the translator makes a choice and manipulates a text. All these acknowledgement of translational subjects are greatly inspired for translatology studies.
Under the influence of western translation studies since Cultural Turn has appeared, in China, more and more scholars have begun to write on the translator’s subjectivity. Zha Mingjian and Tian Yu have addressed the subjectivity of the translator from the marginalized cultural status of the translator [7]. They suggest that the translator’s subjectivity is the subjective agency in the process of translation to attain a certain translation purpose, on the premise of respecting the authors and source texts. The basic features are the translator’s self-conscious cultural awareness, humanity and cultural aesthetic creativity. And they explores connotations of the translator’s subjectivity from the following aspects: translating process, the translator’s target language culture awareness and reader awareness, the relation of the original and the target inter-subjectivity of author, translator and readers. Also, Tu Guoyuan and Zhu Xianlong have studied the translator’s subjectivity from the point of hermeneutics [8] . They think that translation is not the simple copying of the source text, and cultural filtering is unavoidable since the translator’s horizon can never be the same as the author’s. And they applied the basic notions of philosophical hermeneutics — historical interpretation, prejudice and fusion of horizons to research the subjectivity of translator. The factors that condition the manifestation of the subjectivity had been probed. The studies of the translator’s subjectivity have attracted more attention from the academic and translation circles. However, studies in this direction remain to be further and expanded.
转贴于 酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net
共12页: 上一页 [1] [2] 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] 下一页
网摘收藏:
当前位置:
载入中...
-> 在百度中搜索：
-> 在Google中搜索：