4. 1 Personal restriction factors of translator’s subjectivity
Translation, as a kind of purposeful communicative act, is more than linguistic transformation, and in essence an act of intercultural communication. That means the translator’s subjectivity will be affected by the translator personal bilingual culture ability. The translator should gain a mastery of the linguist and culture of source and target language. In the first stage of translation, a translator must decode the original in premise of understanding it. The translator’s mastery of source language and culture can make him better comprehend the original and accomplish his translation activity.
After thoroughly grasping the meanings of the resource text, the translator can convey the vital spark and ideology essential to readers and receptors. Also while conveying the original messages, a translator should be skillful in target language penetrated with local culture. An ability of harmonizing bilingual language and culture in unscramble and expression process is representation of the translator’s subjectivity. While the height and lowness of the ability will be great factor for the displaying of translator’s subjectivity. And the translator personal aesthetics tendency and judgment standards are an important factor to restrict his subjective agency. For example:
“It is a long way off, sir.”
“No matter-a girl of your sense will not object to the voyage or the distance.”
“Not the voyage but the distance, and then the sea is a barrier……”
“From what, Jane?”
“From England and from Thornfield, and ……”
“Well?”
“From you, sir.”
I said this almost involuntarily, and with as little sanction of free will, my tears
goshed out. (Jane Eyre, Chapter 23)
译1: “离这很远呢，先生”，
“没有关系…..像你这样一个通情达理的姑娘是不会反对航程或距离的”。
“不是航程，而是距离。还有大海是一大障碍……”。
“离开什么地方，简？”
“离开英国和桑菲尔德，还有……”
“怎么？”
“离开你，先生”。
我几乎不知不觉中说了这话，眼泪不由自主夺眶而出。（黄源深译）[17]
译2： “路很远啊，先生”。
“没关系，……像你这样有头脑的姑娘总不会怕航行和路远吧”。
“倒是不在乎航行，而是路太远，再说又有大海相隔……”
“跟什么相隔，简？”
“跟英国，跟桑菲尔德……还跟……”
“呃？”
“跟你，先生”。
我这话几乎是不由自主说出口来的，同样，也不由我自己的意志做主，我的眼泪也夺眶而出。（吴均燮译）[18]
译3：“路好远啊，先生”。
“不怕的，你是个懂事的姑娘，应该不在乎旅行和路远吧”。
“不是怕旅行，只是离这儿太远了，又隔着大海，那我就再也见不到……”
“见不到什么，简？”
“见不到英格兰，见不到桑菲尔德，见不到……”
“嗯？”
“见不到你了，先生”。（马红军译）[19]
The above is a dialogue through which Jane Eyre expresses her heart to his lover. It’s evident that the third translated text is better than the other two, as it depicts Jane’s frame of mind incisively and vividly, and makes the dialogue compact. The context in the last version is linked up compactly. And the dialogue is better fit for Chiese people’s expression, as Jane’s mind is depicted implicitly, but is better manifested. While the former two versions don’ consider the target language culture and receptor’s awareness. So the translator’s subjectivity has been confimed for a larger extent and can’t be displayed very well. As a translator, he will not produce a completely evident text as the original. His subjectivity will be restricted by his bilingual ability, and be affected by his personal experience, aesthetics tendency and judgment standards etc.
4. 2 External factors for restricting translator’s subjectivity
Of course, the subjectivity of the translator must be played in translation, while it’s restricted by many external factors at the same time. After all, translation is a kind of second creation, different from author’s composition. So a translator must fulfill his creation with a certain limitation, but not completely do free creation. After all, the work that he translates will be accepted by public readers. Like other workers of other vocation, the translator should have higher responsibility and vocation morality and ethics.
When a translator is to translate a work, he should learn more and understand the culture of purposive language. If a translator just knows a little about the culture background of his purposive language or ignores the factor, his translation will be meaningless and be regarded as rubbish. Just like the old proverb says, “Do as Romans Do”. Since a translator is to translate a language and culture to another, he must take the target culture into consideration. A translator stands at the place of receptors, he will do a good job and complete his translation skopos better. Apparently, a language is closely connected with culture of a region, where the language is used. That means a translator is not only to transmit the languages themselves, but also invert different local cultures. It’s destined that the translator’s subjectivity will be confined by receptor’s receptivity and target culture norms and so on. Also even if a group of people have the same local culture, their receptivity are various. Thereupon, a translator should play his subjective agency and do his work according to the receptivity of his expected readers. Otherwise his effort will lose meaning and value.
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