China has a long history of examination-oriented education. This kind of education leads students to pursue high examination marks but may result in poor ability in actual practice. This examination-oriented education observably did not meet social. Because of examination-oriented education, traditional English teaching and learning in China has the following features: teacher-centered, textbook-dependent and grammar-orientated. The language teacher has sole authority in the classroom who should not be questioned, interrupted, or challenged. Textbooks are sacredly treated as an embodiment of knowledge, wisdom and truth. Thus, learning text by heart was a common practice. The teaching concentrates on analysis of morphological and syntactic units in isolation with little reference to authentic language and its social contexts. It is learning about English, or meta-linguistic awareness.
1. 2 Current situation of English teaching in senior middle school
Education is to teach the people science, technology and knowledge. In the world, most people get the education from school and institute, while the others learn by themselves. For every learner, the examination is very important as it being the measurement to test whether the knowledge have been mastered well. At meanwhile, the examination is always treated as the criteria to judge the quality of students. Many high schools and universities absorb their students by annual sitting examination, this phenomenon is very popular in the east, but the negative aspect is more and more outstanding, especially in China.
In China, government always appeal to release the study burden of the students, on the contrary, the student take more free time on their study for retaining the high score in their examinations. Thus, many part-time schools appear in recent years. Many parents pay more attentions on their young boys and girls’ examinations’ score rather than their interests or hobbies, even their mental health. Teachers also always ask for more homework and examination to improve the students’ ability to deal with the key sitting examination in summer. Heavier and heavier burden is put on their shoulders. In the sight of the youth, they could not be interested in the study if they were in such circumstances, and their real interest would have been restrained in whole. Excessive examinations lead the youth’s mind from relaxation to intension. In these ten years, more and more children are reported to suicide for the pressure of the examination. Education becomes the calamity to the children generally. [3]
The majority of interior areas in China carry out examination-oriented education，especially in English teaching in senior middle school. A child will go to a primary school in his/her seven or eight after kindergarten and then go on a junior school. This two period education lasts nine years, which is so-called nine-year compulsory education, for all free. It is regulated by the power of constitution. So every child of legal age has the right to receive nine-year compulsory education locally. After that, if he/she is willing to keep on study, he/she may choose three-year public school, which is not for free, or even Skill College. Then, if he/she is striking in academic grade in the three senior schools, he/she can gain the admission of university though college entrance examination and get more advanced education. The current exam-oriented approach is leading to the phenomenon of students being worn out both physically and mentally. Pang Lijuan, a professor from Beijing Normal University, said that school classes commonly start too early in the day for middle and even primary schools, with many beginning teaching before 7:00 AM or shortly thereafter. "Children have to get up before 6:00 AM or even 5:30 AM in some cases," she said. "Some students cannot go to bed until 11:00 in the evening because they need to finish piles of homework." Insufficient sleep has severely influenced children's bodies and minds, she added. "This will affect their comprehensive development." [3] The Ministry of Education has continuously stressed the need to relieve the homework burden and create conditions for students to receive a comprehensive education, but the homework load remains far too great, Zhuang said, adding that "This phenomenon has made us think more deeply."
After so many examinations, the so-called people of talent are often insufficient in individual character, and have too many characteristics in common, a situation that has directly given birth to many problems in the structure of people of talent. A task can only be completed successfully by the joint efforts of various kinds of people of talent, just as an opera can only be successful if it encompasses the performances of various roles. Now the domestic structure of people of talent features “two small ends, and a big middle part”, and “Two small ends” refers to the lack of people with remarkable leadership ability, as well as a lack of talented grass-roots stalwarts. “A big middle part” refers to the fact that China has countless mediocre people though they have high record of schooling, and professional and official titles. People with master’s or doctor’s degrees can be seen everywhere now, and many of them have difficulty finding proper jobs.[4] However, China is short of skilled workers, even though high wages are offered. I read a report, saying that a job with a monthly salary of over 1,000 yuan had attracted three ‘returned students.’ The three returned students proved to be unqualified, and finally a college graduate trained in China was employed. The three ‘returned students’ become three ‘job-waiting’ returned students. The audience burst into laugher on hearing this story told by the 73-year-old scientist.
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