论华兹华斯诗歌中的自然观(英文)

Abstract: William Wordsworth, the most distinguished Romantic poets, ranks among the greatest nature poets in the history of English literature. He is renowned for conveying the loveliness and wonders of the natural world, the depth and intensity of his own involvement with external nature as well as probing the relationship between man and the natural world. This thesis mainly discusses William Wordsworth’s concept of nature by analyzing some of his poems from the historical background and the poet’s life experience in nature. Wordsworth does express a belief in the regenerative power of nature. It concludes that the Wordsworthian feelings for nature generally have two aspects. On the one hand, nature signifies the poet’s living environment; on the other hand, nature signifies the source of the poet’s inspiration. The research is of great significance for the reader to know better about the humanism in Wordsworth’s poems. It encourages many men of later generations to work into the nature.

Key words: Wordsworth; Nature; Inspiration

摘  要：威廉•华兹华斯是杰出的浪漫主义诗人，也是英国文学史上伟大的自然诗人之一。他以表现自然的美丽与神奇﹑反映他个人与自然的交流，以及探索人与自然关系而闻名于世。这篇论文主要从历史背景和个人生活经历两方面论述威廉•华兹华斯的自然观以及自然观在其诗歌中的体现。华兹华斯表达了对自然的崇尚和赞美。作者认为华兹华斯的自然情结有两个方面。自然一方面是他生存的环境，另一方面也是他灵感的来源。本研究可以让读者更好的了解其诗歌中的人文主义思想，也鼓励更多的人投入到自然中。

关键词：华兹华斯；自然；灵感

Introduction
In 1798, the publication of The Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Coleridge marked the rising of English Romantic Literature. In the preface to the “Lyrical Ballads”, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. He also famously declared that “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”[1] For this reasons, “Ballads” is considered to be one of the earliest Romantic works and expressed the sentiment that would characterize an entire generation. And its authors, William Wordsworth and Coleridge became widely known as the “Lake Poets”. As a great poet of nature, Wordsworth wrote many famous poems to express his love for nature. He holds that the contents of a poem should firstly focus on common country life and the beauty of nature.
Wordsworth was born on April 17, 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland, in the Lake District. He saw the broken of both the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, so he put his eyes to nature and wrote many poems on it. He does express a belief in the regenerative power of nature. His personality and poetry were deeply influenced by his love of nature. He spent most of his mature life in the Lake Country. Wordsworth wrote a lot of famous poems on nature, such as “THE CUCKOO”, “THE DAFFODILS”, “WRITTEN IN MARCH”, “I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD” and so on.
Wordsworth’s literary works, since their first publication, have occasioned a wealth of critical responses.
Mattew Arnold (1822-1888), the famous English poet and critic remarked that Wordsworth was the most distinguished poet after Shakespeare and Milton. In his essay “Wordsworth”, Arnold claimed that “ extraordinary power with which Wordsworth feels that the joy offered to us in nature, the joy offered to us in the simple primary affections and duties and because of the extraordinary power with which, in case after case, he shows us this joy, and readers it so as to make share it.”[2]
John Keats (1795-1821), the outstanding Romantic poet, admired Wordsworth very much. In 1817, they once met at Benjamin Robert Haydon’s house in London. About twenty years later, when Wordsworth made his last continental tour, he paid a visit to Keats’ grave in Rome.
Emerson said in his famous speech “The American Scholars”: “The first in time and the first in importance of the influence upon the mind is that of nature. Wordsworth shall see that nature is the opposite of the soul, answering for it part for part. Nature then becomes to him the measure of his attainments.”[3]
Except for theses ones, there are many other critiques concerning Wordsworth and his works. All of them together contribute to the colorful and rigorous development of the Wordsworthian criticism. In recent years, Wordsworth has again been recognized as a great English poet- a profound, original thinker who created a new poetic tradition.
The poems on nature take a main part of all the poems by Wordsworth, because it is through these poems, the writer tries to discuss the concept of nature in Wordsworth’s poems. In Wordsworth’s view, nature consists of human beings and non-human beings. And it has a lot to do with man. It can not only refresh oneself and fill one with happiness, but it can be reduced into a beautiful memory which will comfort one’s heart when in solitude.
The analysis of this thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part is a general introduction of Wordsworth’s life experience and life in nature as a creative source and inspiration. The second part is the detailed analysis of the concept of nature in Wordsworth’s poems.转贴于 酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net