从象征主义角度解读《蝇王》中人性的黑暗(英文)

Abstract: The present thesis studies how innocent children’s life changes from civilized and orderly to brutal and fratricidal from the angle of symbolism. Thus it profoundly analyzes the potential darkness and evil in human nature. Firstly, the author expounds the reasons for Golding’s establishment of view of dark human nature and the roots of evil. Then the author analyzes the evil of human nature from three aspects of character symbolism, object symbolism and setting symbolism. At last, the author brings forward the consideration caused by Golding’s view of human nature: the evil of human nature leads to the downfall of human civilization.

Key words: Human nature; Symbolism; Evil

摘要：本文从象征主义角度出发，分析纯真的孩童如何从文明有序的生活逐渐演变为野蛮混乱的自相残杀，深刻剖析人性中潜在的黑暗与邪恶。首先，作者揭示了引发戈尔丁人性恶人生观的原因及其根源。其次从人物象征，实物象征和背景象征三个方面详尽地分析了人性恶的观点。最后，作者提出了由戈尔丁的人性观所引发的思考：人性的邪恶导致了人类文明的堕落.

关键词：人性; 象征主义; 邪恶

Introduction
Lord of Flies is William Golding’s first published novel in 1954. With it, Golding won the 1983 Nobel Prize for literature for its perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and university of myth and it illuminates the human condition in the world of today. It is the most widely and most frequently commented novel among his works. As a thought-provoking novel on the darkness of human heart, it has become one of the most widely-admired English novels and the world classics.
Lord of Flies was written during the Second World War when Golding took part in the Royal Navy and joined the war. He experienced the Second World War and knows clearly that war has brought human huge disaster and all kinds of brutal acts that people can make. Golding once said that before the Second World War, I believe that human being is perfect and rational social construction will produce good willing. Thus, through the reconstruction of society, all defects of society could be removed. Bur after the war, I begin to believe that human being is fall. They are inherent evil and dangerous. The brutality war and the corrupt society made him come to this conclusion: humanity is essentially evil. All the defects of human in society are caused by evil nature.
Lord of Flies is a story arising from a nuclear war. It begins following a plane crash that left the pilot dead and a bunch of young boys, aged five to twelve, scattered throughout a tropical island. The boys were being evacuated from England where an atomic war was taking place. When they were escaping, the plane is attacked, and the pilot parachutes away. These boys were abandoned on the island. At first they built a civilized society according to the adult society and tried to maintain the civilized life. But as the story progresses, the peaceful life was destroyed by the essential evil of human nature. And the boys were trapped in original savage and brutal killing.
The present thesis endeavors to provide a tentative study on the darkness in human nature and its symbolic significance. William Golding’s Lords of Flies probes the traditional theme of man’s evil nature. Using the original sin in the Bible for reference, the author describes the degeneration of a group of British children from innocent to evil. On an Eden-like island, the children in Golding’s novel reperform the fall of Adam and Eve. It seems impossible for man to get rid of the nature of evil. But anyway, realization brings about hope—Golding aims at warning the human world more than bewailing the darkness in it. Lords of Flies is a fable novel and symbolism is every where in this novel. This article mainly discusses the composing of symbolic structure from three angles: setting, character and object. Though in the novel, Golding reveals many pessimistic elements to people, there is also lots of enlightenment left for human being.

1 Evil in Human Nature in Lord of Flies
The issue of evil in human has attracted scholars’ attention at home and abroad since ancient times. There is no explanation for evil. Some believe that it must be looked upon as a necessary part of the order of the universe. While others argue that the difference in the way humans perceive things is part of the complexity of mankind. There is hardly ever a man clever enough to recognize the full extent of the evil he does. In the novel, Lords of Flies, written by William Golding, one could argue that man, in the state of nature, is born evil. This same choice is made constantly all over the world, all throughout history—the source of the grief Golding sought to convey. He places supposedly innocent schoolboys in the protected environment of an uninhabited tropical island to illustrate the point that evil is not confined to certain people in particular environments but exists in everyone as a stain on, which manifests mankind’s true nature. As the story progresses, the boys construct a society and ruin it. They revert to the primitive association in which fear and tyranny lead to ultimate rule. All of the boys that try to do the proper and befitting deeds are killed off. This violently throws them unto impending doom, thus proving that men are born evil. No evil dooms man hopelessly except the evil he loves, and desires to continue in, and make no effort to escape from.转贴于 酷文网-论文下载中心 http://www.coolwen.net