According to these, we can find that Mao Tse-tung’s attitude to the success or adversity is the same. He has never lost heart and given up for he is very optimistic and self—confident. We can see this from one of his poetry, “though icicles from beetling cliffs still hang miles long, one flower sweet and fair is there among. Though sweet and fair, with other flowers she won’t rival, but only heralds spring’s arrival”. [4] He once said: “There is endless joy when he fights against the heaven, the earth and people.” [4] It is his preserving spirit and strong personality that change Chinese history. He admired the plum blossom due to the same spirit.
2 Construction of images of Mao Tse-tung’s poetry
With an eye for creative imagery and meaningful realm, Mao Tse-tung’s poetry is of special aesthetic value because of its rich connotations and unique flavor. He transmits enthusiastic and optimistic spirit into the revolutionary romanticism image according with the temperament of a poet and revolutionist through transmitting the implying connotations of the image to the exterior. Mao Tse-tung emphasizes that the meaningful realm must be sublime, imagery must be built in dynamic state and things must be depicted as if with their own particular dispositions so as to render them “mutable” and with “visible signs of poetic waves.” [6] Mao Tse-tung’s theory of the meaningful realm is not only the inheritance and development of the Chinese concept, but also a summary of the creative experience of the Chinese classical poetry as well as a theoretical generalization of his own experience of poetic creations. So we must pay much attention to the creation images of Mao Tse-tung’s poetry when we translate images of Mao Tse-tung’s poetry. In this way, we can translate the contents expressed by images more fully, precisely and gracefully.
2. 1 Expressing strong feelings
As the saying goes, “poetry expresses genuine feelings.” There is not one line or one episode in Mao Tse-tung’s poetry but portrays some soul–stirring, heroic deeds of the Chinese people in their revolutionary struggles. Mao Tse-tung was a man with very rich emotions, which he often crystallized into poetry, full of vigor and life. The great sorrows and joys, alive in his poetry through expressions magnificent or popular, all bear witness to his profound love for the people. And all his feelings are expressed by many kinds of images in his poetry, such as images of “tears fly down”, “a million strong”, “vampires” and “heavenly troops”.
Here, the author takes The Pass of Mount Lou Tune: “Dream of a Maid of Honor” for example to explain the point. At first, we must know the background of the poem. The Pass of Mount Lou was situated to the north of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province, on the border between Guizhou and Sichuan. The Red Army on the Long March occupied the Pass twice, before and after the Zunyi Meeting held in January 1935, when Mao Tse-tung’s leadership was established in the Chinese Communist Party. What was his frame of mind when he wrote the poem? The poet made a note by himself under this poem in 1958. In the note, we can see that Chinese revolution and the Red Army have experienced a lot hardship during the Long March. They faced numerous difficulties: they suffered from hunger and disease; they were trapped in danger; they came up against encirclement campaigns. So the poet was a little depressed and gloomy. However, he became bright and delighted after passing the Min Mountain. Because he found the situation changed and the chance was approaching. The following poem reflects this kind of mood.
The Pass of Mount Lou describes the situation that the Red Army attacked the Pass twice and occupied Zunyi County. The reason why they attacked the Pass twice was the Red Army went to the north and prepared to ferry Changjiang River, but they encountered mighty resistance. In order to get rid of the enemy and launch a surprise attack to them, the Red Army returned all of a sudden. In the first part of this poem, the poet draws a picture that the Red Army attacks the enemy: “The wild west wind blows strong; the morning moon shivers at the wild geese’s song. On frosty morn, steeds trot with hooves outworn, and bugles blow forlorn.” Here, the proper permutation and combination these sorrowful images, such as “the wild west”, “the wild geese” and “frost”, successfully creates a scene that the battlefield is quite serious and awful, the atmosphere is very intense as well. Besides, the poet uses “hooves outworn” to describe “steeds” and uses “blow forlorn” to describe “bugles”. It is so creative and vivid that we can fell the fierce battle and cruel fight as if we were there at that time. In the last part of this poem, the poet describes a majestic scene that the Red Army goes through the Pass of Mount Lou and his feelings: “Fear not the strong pass iron–clad on all sides! The summit’s now surmounted with big strides. Surmounted with big strides, green mountains like the tide; the sunken sun blood–dyed.” and expresses his feelings. As an image, “the strong pass” is not only a symbol of the hard environment in front of the Red Army but also a symbol of the milestone of that victory. It indicates that although the battle is hard, the Red Army can also win because they are very great; although the strong pass is iron–clad, the Red Army can also go through it because they are very brave; although the Long March is difficult, the Red Army can also accomplish it because they are very confident. “Green mountains like the tide; the sunken sun blood–dyed” is a description of the actual scene of the battle and is the feelings after the victory of the battle as well. It is a kind of scenery description and it is also a kind of “Xing”. The independence and creative combination of the images in the poetic technique of free association called “Xing” and the poet’s rich emotions are contained in such images. In this way, the poet’s admiration of the Red Army, his gratification of the victory of the battle, his forecast the prospect of the Long March and his confidence of the success in the future are contained in variety of images of the poem. Thus, the poet’s strong feelings are expressed by such images in response.
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