生物传感器的研究现状及应用

三、 讨论与展望
美国的Harold H.Weetal指出，生物传感器商品化要具备以下几个条件：足够的敏感性和准确性、易操作、价格便宜、易于批量生产、生产过程中进行质量监测。其中，价格便宜决定了传感器在市场上有无竞争力。而在各种生物传感器中，微生物传感器最大的优点就是成本低、操作简便、设备简单，因此其在市场上的前景是十分巨大和诱人的。相比起来，酶生物传感器等的价格就比较昂贵。但微生物传感器也有其自身的缺点，主要的缺点就是选择性不够好，这是由于在微生物细胞中含有多种酶引起的。现已有报道加专门抑制剂以解决微生物电极的选择性问题。除此之外，微生物固定化方法也需要进一步完善，首先要尽可能保证细胞的活性，其次细胞与基础膜结合要牢固，以避免细胞的流失。另外，微生物膜的长期保存问题也待进一步的改进，否则难于实现大规模的商品化。

总之，常用的微生物电极和酶电极在各种应用中各有其优越之处。若容易获得稳定、高活性、低成本的游离酶，则酶电极对使用者来说是最理想的。相反的，若生物催化需经过复杂途径，需要辅酶，或所需酶不宜分离或不稳定时，微生物电极则是更理想的选择。而其他各种形式的生物传感器也在蓬勃发展中，其应用也越来越广泛。随着固定化技术的进一步完善，随着人们对生物体认识的不断深入，生物传感器必将在市场上开辟出一片新的天地。

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